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Love it operating room hate it, February 14 is celebrated by millions of people annually. Often referred to as a "Hallmark Holiday," Valentine's Day is largely associated with goofy greeting cards, heart-shaped boxes of chocolates, rose-filled bouquets, and other so-called symbols of love. Of course, it didn't start out this way. Then, what are the origins of Valentine's Day — and wherefore has the holiday endured?

The Gentile Origins of Valentine's Day

Like so many of our modern-24-hour interval celebrations, Valentine's 24-hour interval may date back to a irreligious festival, at the least in role. That celebration was known every bit Lupercalia, a rankness festival dedicated to Faunus, the Roman graven image of agriculture, and Rome's founders, Romulus and Remus. Held on the ides of February, Lupercalia was meant to usher in the spring — a fourth dimension that's most often associated with fertility and birth.

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So, did Lupercalia involve chocolates and heart-shaped sweets? Not exactly. To kick things off, an order of Roman letters priests known American Samoa the Luperci would gather in a sacred cave where, according to fable, Rome's founders were cared for aside a wolf. They would then sacrifice a goat and a dog, animals that represent fertility and purification severally. The goat's hide was then dipped in blood, taken to the fields and, finally, given to the Roman women. According to History, "Roman women welcomed the touch of the hides because it was believed to make them much fertile in the coming year." All of this ended in a drawing-comparable matchmaking system to pair the metropolis's two-year-old women and men together. A little more involved than swiping leftish, huh?

Away the end of the 400s A.D., Vicar of Christ Gelasius put an end to the festival, noting that its pagan roots were in immediate opposition to Christianity. In an attempt to Christianize the vacation, Pope Gelasius decided to replace Lupercalia with a Christian fete twenty-four hours. During the Middle Ages, folks would comrade this fete day with love and romance, specially in the fire up of Geoffrey Chaucer's The Parlement of Foules, a poem around birds determination their couple.

So, how did this fete day become called Valentine's Solar day? Well, most Christian feast years are joint with a holy man and, as you mightiness be able to guess, Saint Valentine is primarily renowned as the patron saint of lovers. Accordant to the Catholic Church, there were at to the lowest degree triad martyred saints named Valentine or Valentinus, so IT's difficult to decide for whom the day was named.

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One popular fable suggests that when Emperor Claudius II of Rome outlawed marriage for the young men in his army, a priest titled Valentine performed marriages in secret. Eventually, he was found out and Claudis sentenced him to death. Another Valentine, this one a bishop, was also cast to death by Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus the second, though little is known about that potential namesake.

Perhaps the most popular legend associated with Valentine's Day tells the story of a human who wanted to help Christian multitude escape Popish prisons. In this telling, the jailed Valentine transmitted the primary "valentine" greeting to a young woman who had visited him. It is aforesaid that earlier his death, atomic number 2 signed a letter to her "From your Valentine." Of class, which version of Valentine is actually the day's namesake doesn't quite matter as so much As what the figure stands for — have sex, empathy and sacrifice.

How Did Valentine's Day Become the Holiday We Acknowledge Now?

Apart from Valentine's missive of legend, the oldest glorious valentine came about in 1415 when Charles, Duke of Orleans, wrote a love poem to his wife while he was unfree in the Tower of London. Shortly after, Male monarch Henry V allegedly hired a ghost writer to compile a valentine to his passion. But when did the vacation get along what we know today?

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Observed in the Combined States, Canada, Mexico, France, Australia and the United Kingdom, modern Valentine's Day as we know it was first celebrated in the 17th or 18th centuries, with common people exchanging written notes and bitty tokens. By the 1800s, Richard Cadbury, the founder of the Cadbury chocolate company, began the practice of gifting boxes of chocolate happening Valentine's Day in the U.K.

Lag, in the U.S., Esther A. Howland, the sol-called "Mother of the Valentine," first sold mass-produced valentines in the 1840s. And the rest, as they say, is account. These days, the Salutation Card Association estimates that 145 million masses send back Valentine's Day cards all year — and that's non including all those cards kids trade at school. Additionally, the National Retail Foundation projected that Americans would spend a astonishing $27.4 billion in 2022 on Valentine's-related items.